{"id":1379,"date":"2022-10-25T17:07:22","date_gmt":"2022-10-25T17:07:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8009\/stories\/?p=1379"},"modified":"2024-10-15T17:28:59","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T17:28:59","slug":"trees-in-screens-how-nanocellulose-is-enhancing-screen-tech-sustainability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/trees-in-screens-how-nanocellulose-is-enhancing-screen-tech-sustainability\/","title":{"rendered":"Trees in Screens? How Nanocellulose Is Enhancing Screen Tech Sustainability"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Trees in screens? You read right. In this article, you\u2019ll learn how tree fiber is used in screen technologies to enhance functionality and sustainability.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Love or loathe them: screens have become essential to our lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the Pew Research Center and Statista, approximately:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/fact-sheet\/mobile\/\">97% of Americans own a cell phone<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/fact-sheet\/mobile\/\">85% own a SmartPhone<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/topics\/2927\/tablets-in-the-us\/\">50% own a tablet<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/756054\/united-states-adults-desktop-laptop-ownership\/\">74% own a home computer<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>And <a href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/243789\/number-of-tv-households-in-the-us\/\">122.4 million own televisions<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>But did you ever stop to think about what goes into your SmartPhone, television, computer or tablet?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you have researched this topic, you know it\u2019s a bit of a downer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The hard truth is, device components often require non-renewable materials and, with so much plastic incorporated, <a href=\"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2022\/10\/03\/your-smartphone-is-still-ruining-the-planet-but-there-may-be-a-more-sustainable-solution\/\">they aren\u2019t exactly biodegradable<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, there is a potential bright side in the use of trees\u2014specifically tree fiber known as nanocellulose\u2014in screen technologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To learn more, we talked to a research material engineer for the USDA\u2019s Forest Service, Ron Sabo, Ph.D., about nanocellulose in tech, how it\u2019s used in screens and other technology, and why it may offer a more sustainable choice for the future of tech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"898\" height=\"584\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Nanocellulose_recyclable.jpg\" alt=\"Diagram of nanocellulose lifecycle\" class=\"wp-image-1385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Nanocellulose_recyclable.jpg 898w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Nanocellulose_recyclable-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Nanocellulose_recyclable-768x499.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 898px) 100vw, 898px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This diagram demonstrates how nanocellulose can be made into a recylcable, flexible material. \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Source<\/a>: Yei Hwan Jung et al., CC BY 4.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>What Is Nanocellulose?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You may have heard of cellulose, the natural fiber found in wood (and all plants) used in various applications including:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>As an FDA-approved <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/why-is-wood-in-so-many-foods\/\">anti-caking and thickening agent in foods<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A binder, coating, filler, or slow-release agent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/why-trees-are-in-so-many-medical-products\/\">in medicines&nbsp;<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>And in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/using-paper-toilet-paper-and-cardboard-is-good-for-forests\/\">production of paper goods<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nanocellulose is a smaller, more refined version of cellulose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Sabo explains, \u201cNanocellulose is a wood fiber that\u2019s made smaller either through chemistry or mechanical grinding. It\u2019s so small you can\u2019t see it. One of the first uses of nano-type cellulose was as an anti-caking agent in cheese, ice cream, and [medicine] tablets.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, what does teeny tiny wood pulp fiber have to do with screens and tech? Dr. Sabo explains:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIf you pour it [nanocellulose] into a dish and dry it, it creates a transparent and flexible film. It\u2019s almost like plastic in some ways, but from trees. We\u2019ve studied it for about 20 years and have learned a lot about its properties.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Sabo continues, \u201cTo put it simply, it\u2019s just another wood fiber that\u2019s smaller. It\u2019s not a magic bullet, but it has some neat properties. Seeing transparent wood, that\u2019s what got me!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nanocellulose.JPG\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"500\" height=\"566\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Nanocellulose-solid.jpg\" alt=\"clumps of transparent nanocellulose in a plastic cup\" class=\"wp-image-1383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Nanocellulose-solid.jpg 500w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Nanocellulose-solid-265x300.jpg 265w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Nanocellulose, typically procured from wood pulp, is transparent and similar to plastic. \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c8\/Nanocellulose.JPG\">Source<\/a>: Innventia<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2>A Little History About Wood In Tech&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nanocellulose isn\u2019t the first component of wood to be used in technology. In fact, wood has been used in various technological devices for decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cGenerally, wood has been used in circuit boards for a long time,\u201d Dr. Sabo explains. \u201cIf you look at the circuit boards in computers, they are made of pulp or fiberglass and coated with metal, and that\u2019s low-tech; it\u2019s more for structure. So it\u2019s not unheard of for wood to be in your computer.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since those early days of mega-circuit boards, researchers have been refining their understanding of how wood pulp can be used to enhance technologies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nanocellulose is the brainchild of those years of study, trial and error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Old-circuit-boards-used-wood-for-structure.jpg\" alt=\"an old circuit board\" class=\"wp-image-1395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Old-circuit-boards-used-wood-for-structure.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Old-circuit-boards-used-wood-for-structure-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Old-circuit-boards-used-wood-for-structure-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Wood has played a role in technology for ages, including providing structure to circuit boards.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>Top 5 Properties That Make Nanocellulose Viable For Use In Screens And Other Technologies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Three things make nanocellulose viable for use in screens and other technological applications:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>#1: Strength&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Per Dr. Sabo, \u201cThis is one of the things that really attracted people in the beginning. If you measure the crystalline version of cellulose, you\u2019ll find that it\u2019s stronger than steel and other particles.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>#2: Transparency<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As previously mentioned, nanocellulose creates a transparent and flexible film when dried. This makes it a potentially more eco-friendly candidate than plastic for creating clear, flexible screens and other technologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>#3: Low-thermal expansion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019ve learned nanocellulose has a low thermal coefficient of expansion. This means if you heat it up, it doesn\u2019t expand\u2014like plastic,\u201d Dr. Sabo says. \u201cThis is what technology companies need, materials that don\u2019t expand. And that\u2019s a property people like.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>#4: Flexibility<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Films made of nanocellulose are flexible, which, according to Sabo and other sources,&nbsp; make them appealing as next-generation <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2013\/ee\/c3ee40492g\">flexible devices<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>#5: Sustainability<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Since nanocellulose products can be sourced from sustainably-managed forests and are biodegradable, they offer a more sustainable material than plastic, polymer-based products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, researchers have found more eco-friendly ways of manufacturing cellulose using algae (vs. other chemicals), which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6176822\">doesn\u2019t present the same threat to the environment and waterways<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"633\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Foldable-Screen-Technology.jpg\" alt=\"Folding phone screen shown at different levels of folding\" class=\"wp-image-1388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Foldable-Screen-Technology.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Foldable-Screen-Technology-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Foldable-Screen-Technology-768x486.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Nanocellulose may play an important role in technologies involving flexible and foldable screens.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>Different Types Of Nanocellulose Have Unique Applications In Tech<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are several different types of nanocellulose, each with different properties and applications.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two examples are nano-crystalline cellulose (CNC) and nanofibrils (CNF).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Says Dr. Sabo: \u201cThe nano-crystalline cellulose has some other properties that the nano-fibrils don\u2019t have. In water, they can act as liquid crystals. Dried films of CNCs can also have color attributes, which gives them the potential to be used in devices.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe point I\u2019m trying to make is there are all different types of nanocellulose, so we\u2019re still trying to figure out which materials are best for different applications.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"347\" height=\"221\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/GaAs_electronics_on_nanocellulose.jpg\" alt=\"thin sheet of cellulose on a lead with transistors embedded in it\" class=\"wp-image-1384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/GaAs_electronics_on_nanocellulose.jpg 347w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/GaAs_electronics_on_nanocellulose-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors on a nanocellulose substrate. \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4455139\/\">Source<\/a> : Yei Hwan Jung et al., CC BY 4.0 <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2>How Nanocellulose Is Used In Screens Today<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In an unexpected interview twist, when asked if he could tell us the types of screens and devices in which nanocellulose is used, Dr. Sabo said he didn\u2019t know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe last I heard, a Japanese company was supposedly able to make it work. But I don\u2019t know if it\u2019s on the market or not. Certain countries and companies tend to be quite secretive about these things.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a forestry company that interacts with various suppliers, pulp mills, wood product manufacturers, trade associations, and end-users, we know nanocellulose <em>is<\/em> used in screens.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the companies who build the screens use proprietary techniques to which we&#8217;re not privy. What we <em>do<\/em> know is that all of these qualities in nanocellulose could contribute to its usefulness in screen technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Screens-technology-plays-a-critical-role-in-our-lives.jpg\" alt=\"Doctor looks at brain scan on screen\" class=\"wp-image-1391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Screens-technology-plays-a-critical-role-in-our-lives.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Screens-technology-plays-a-critical-role-in-our-lives-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Screens-technology-plays-a-critical-role-in-our-lives-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Screen technology plays a critical role in our lives.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To prove it, we did some more digging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a research paper entitled \u201cElectrochromic Displays Screen Printed on Transparent Nanocellulose-Based Substrates,\u201d the authors explain how they are <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/adpr.202200012\">using different nanocellulose-based substrates to make electronic device manufacturing more sustainable<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cManufacturing of electronic devices via printing techniques is often considered to be an environmentally friendly approach, partially due to the efficient utilization of materials. Traditionally, printed electronic components (e.g., sensors, transistors, and displays) are relying on flexible substrates based on plastic materials; this is especially true in electronic display applications where, most of the times, a transparent carrier is required in order to enable presentation of the display content.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cHowever, plastic-based substrates are often ruled out in end-user scenarios striving toward sustainability. Paper substrates based on ordinary cellulose fibers can potentially replace plastic substrates, but the opaqueness limits the range of applications where they can be used.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Sabo added there are also challenges within nanocellulose technology that must be overcome. Including its affinity for moisture, its brittleness, and the costs associated with manufacturing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s a challenge we have: how to get the properties you want and keep it sustainable.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Screen-used-in-business-setting.jpg\" alt=\"Man staring at computer monitor in office\" class=\"wp-image-1392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Screen-used-in-business-setting.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Screen-used-in-business-setting-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Screen-used-in-business-setting-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Nanocellulose could play a major role in making the screens in our lives more sustainable.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>Closing Thoughts On The Future Of Sustainable Forestry Products In Tech<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on our conversation with Dr. Sabo and the literature referenced here, it is clear that the science and tech communities are invested in creating more sustainable products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And sustainable <em>forest<\/em> products are already playing a significant role in next-generation technologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When asked about his thoughts on the future of forest products in tech, Dr. Sabo shared this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI do expect that in the future, more and more materials will come from sustainable sources, including trees. The research community is making major efforts to find an economic or viable method to produce new materials from wood.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cJust recently, I read in a paper that they\u2019ve developed a new bioplastic extracted from wood. If we can get cheap, easily processed, biodegradable and renewable plastics, that would do a lot to alleviate some of our greenhouse gas emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI think we\u2019ll have a lot more bio-based economy in the future. We can make basically anything out of wood. It\u2019s just the cost. As we figure out new ways and tricks to process the tree, stuff will get a lot cheaper, leading to increased use and environmental benefits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My hope is one day we have this circular economy where everything is used again.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Using-phone-screen-technology.jpg\" alt=\"Phone screen being used to photograph pumpkin\" class=\"wp-image-1394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Using-phone-screen-technology.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Using-phone-screen-technology-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Using-phone-screen-technology-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dr. Sabo hopes to one day see screens like this one become part of a circular economy.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trees in screens? You read right. In this article, you\u2019ll learn how tree fiber is used in screen technologies to enhance functionality and sustainability.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1390,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ryn_post_video":""},"categories":[24,6],"tags":[70,71,69,68],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\r\n<title>Nanocellulose and Screen Tech Sustainability | Rayonier Stories<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Trees in screens? You read right. 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