{"id":87,"date":"2019-11-15T17:26:03","date_gmt":"2019-11-15T17:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:8009\/stories\/?p=87"},"modified":"2025-07-01T19:44:41","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T19:44:41","slug":"how-foresters-restore-salmon-habitat-in-the-pacific-northwest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/how-foresters-restore-salmon-habitat-in-the-pacific-northwest\/","title":{"rendered":"How Foresters Restore Salmon Habitat in the Pacific Northwest"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Rayonier has invested millions of dollars to open more than 200 miles of stream habitat to salmon in the Pacific Northwest. We take you on site to one of our restoration projects. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>HOQUIAM, Washington\u2014A forest stream went more than a century without salmon after a road crossing was built above it. Then recently the small pipe that led the stream under the road was replaced with a bridge that allowed water to flow more freely\u2014and suddenly the stream came to life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A few weeks after the bridge project was finished, Matt Poppe, a Rayonier forest engineer, pulled a team of contractors off a nearby worksite to see the impact of the bridge they built.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis is why we\u2019re all doing this,\u201d he told them. \u201cThere haven\u2019t been fish in this stream for 100 years, and here we are seeing large salmon in this stream right now.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/forestry-salmon-habitat-restoration-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-83\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/forestry-salmon-habitat-restoration-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/forestry-salmon-habitat-restoration-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/forestry-salmon-habitat-restoration-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/forestry-salmon-habitat-restoration.jpg 1135w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>That was just one of the 750 upgrades Rayonier has made to culverts and bridges on its property over the last 20 years to help address Washington\u2019s declining salmon population. The effort is guided by Forests &amp; Fish, one of the most comprehensive environmental laws in the U.S., which protects 60,000 miles of streams across Washington&#8217;s state and private forests. It uses the latest scientific standards to ensure the best possible habitats for salmon to live and spawn in, as well as other amphibious creatures that depend on upland streams.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to replacing insufficient culverts and bridges to improve salmon habitat, Rayonier also improves forest roads to reduce the amount of sediment making its way into streams and, when possible, closes nonessential forest roads altogether.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the law passed in 1999, Rayonier has:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Opened 220 miles of fish habitat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Upgraded 750 culverts and bridges<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Invested $22 million in salmon habitat restoration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Salmon Habitat Restoration: Culvert Replacement Timelapse\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JZPbL9hYrMs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>The long process to get a stream\u2019s profile just right<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The process to set even one project into motion can take a full year before building the structure during the \u201cfish window,\u201d when upland streams are naturally slowed and work will be least likely to disturb the fish, from July 15-Sept. 30. Matt must undergo months of permitting application reviews as well as a review process with stakeholders including environmental agencies and representatives of the local Native American tribes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Portia Leigh, an area habitat biologist for the Washington Department of Fish &amp; Wildlife (WDFW), often previews the proposed projects and advises Matt on how to make the pass-through simulate the rest of the streambed. She sometimes advises him to leave woody debris in the streambed or to drop hay seeds for vegetation, which will slow the water flow, enhance shade, and create pools and protective areas. That gives smaller salmon places to hide, spawn and grow before they go downstream into more open waters, says Portia, shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"572\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/washington-fish-wildlife-biologist-1024x572.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/washington-fish-wildlife-biologist-1024x572.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/washington-fish-wildlife-biologist-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/washington-fish-wildlife-biologist-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/washington-fish-wildlife-biologist.jpg 1135w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Matt also conducts a \u201cstream survey\u201d with the partners to ensure the new passthrough simulates what the streams were like before a road passed through them. He explains that those who built the roads in the past (some of these roads are more than a century old) didn\u2019t know the culverts they were using were not sufficient to maintain the streams below the roads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPeople in those days were doing their best with what they knew. All they worried about was getting the water across, and they thought the fish would come no matter what,\u201d Matt says. \u201cMany of the culverts that were put in these streams were just rolled into the hole. In those situations, it created an artificial stream channel.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, the work to determine the proper placement for a culvert is much more complex. During the stream survey, Matt and the partner agencies will view the streams 100 feet above and below the project area to understand what the stream would have done naturally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019ll come back and mimic that with our design. It can drastically change where that structure is placed and at what elevation it\u2019s placed,\u201d explains&nbsp;Matt, shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"542\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/forest-engineer-forests-fish-compliance-1024x542.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-86\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/forest-engineer-forests-fish-compliance-1024x542.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/forest-engineer-forests-fish-compliance-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/forest-engineer-forests-fish-compliance-768x407.jpg 768w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/forest-engineer-forests-fish-compliance.jpg 1135w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2>Handling culvert and bridge replacements with care<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Culvert and bridge projects are handled with extreme care. Before any digging begins, a watertight pipe is used to divert the stream around the project area, and fish screens are placed to ensure fish don\u2019t come into harm\u2019s way. Work to place culverts or bridges only begins after the project area is fully dewatered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe allowable amount of sediment contamination in the stream is zero. We\u2019re mindful of that 100 percent of the time,\u201d Matt says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During a recent project, he pointed out a crawfish who was curiously swimming near the diversion pipe in clear water, just feet away from the project, a testimony to how well the diversion pipe worked to keep the water clear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"704\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/restore-salmon-in-pacific-northwest-stream-1024x704.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-85\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/restore-salmon-in-pacific-northwest-stream-1024x704.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/restore-salmon-in-pacific-northwest-stream-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/restore-salmon-in-pacific-northwest-stream-768x528.jpg 768w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/restore-salmon-in-pacific-northwest-stream.jpg 1135w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, Kelly Dunkerson, site supervisor for John J. Karnas Co., was placing a 40-foot-long culvert into the streambed. The Hoquiam-based company has contracted with Rayonier for more than 30 years and has served as a knowledgeable partner in the culvert and bridge replacement projects. While this particular culvert\u2019s circumference was 10 feet around, about a third of that would be backfilled with streambed material to match the rest of the stream.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From start to finish, the projects typically take about a week, and then waterflow returns to normal. It can be shocking how quickly the streams attract salmon who have not been there in years. Portia, of WDFW, says they can sense the change in the waterflow once the work is done.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"386\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Before-and-After-Salmon-Habitat.jpg\" alt=\"Before and After Forests &amp; Fish Salmon Habitat Rehabilitation\" class=\"wp-image-537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Before-and-After-Salmon-Habitat.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Before-and-After-Salmon-Habitat-300x116.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Before-and-After-Salmon-Habitat-768x296.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Here is a before-and-after of a culvert Rayonier replaced in Forks, Washington. The bridge that replaced it opened up miles of upland stream habitat for salmon.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Matt says Rayonier has about 40 more miles of habitat to open and 125 more structures to upgrade in order to fully comply with Forests &amp; Fish, but the work won\u2019t stop there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAs we build new roads, eliminate roads, stream enhancements change and other dynamics change, we\u2019ll continue to do this work,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Matt\u2019s proud of the work Rayonier is doing to help restore and improve salmon habitat in the forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI love what I do every day of the week,\u201d he says.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biodiversity.rayonier.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1000\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rayonier.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Rayonier_Biodiversity_Stories_Ad_v3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4840\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Rayonier_Biodiversity_Stories_Ad_v3.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Rayonier_Biodiversity_Stories_Ad_v3-300x135.jpg 300w, https:\/\/forestrycareers.com\/stories\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Rayonier_Biodiversity_Stories_Ad_v3-768x346.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rayonier has invested millions of dollars to open more than 200 miles of stream habitat to salmon in the Pacific Northwest. We take you on site to one of our restoration projects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ryn_post_video":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Gn-1E9LTqxs&feature=emb_logo"},"categories":[56,5,6],"tags":[10,11,21],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\r\n<title>Foresters Restore Pacific Northwest Salmon Habitat | Rayonier Inc.<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rayonier has invested millions of dollars to open more than 200 miles of stream habitat to salmon in the Pacific Northwest under the Forests &amp; Fish Law.\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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